Prothonotary Warbler
Common
Name: Prothonotary Warbler
(PROW)
Scientific
Name:
Protonotaria
citrea
Global/Continental
Conservation Status: Not on the IUCN 2004 Red
List
National-level
Conservation Status:
Canada
- Species at Risk Act (SARA) – Endangered;
U.S.
– Bird of Conservation Concern
Key
Reference(s):
BNA No. 408 (Petit 1999)
Distribution:
Breeds from e-c and se Minnesota, c Wisconsin, s Michigan, extreme
s Ontario (locally), c New York (locally), and n New Jersey (casually in
Connecticut and Rhode Island) south to s-c and e Texas (west to Medina
County), the Gulf coast, and central (locally also southern) Florida, and
west to extreme e Nebraska, e Kansas, and c Oklahoma.
Winters from s Veracruz (rare) and the Yucatan Peninsula south on
the Caribbean slope of Middle America (including nearby islands) to
Nicaragua, on both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama, and in South America
from Colombia, nw Ecuador, and n Venezuela (including islands from the
Netherlands Antilles east to Tobago and Trinidad), in Puerto Rico and
(rarely) the Virgin Islands, and casually east to Surinam and north in the
Antilles. Casual in winter in
coastal
California
, coastal
Texas
, s
Florida
, and
Bermuda
(AOU 1998).
Habitat
Associations:
Swamps, wet bottomland forest, and riparian forest; in migration
and winter, also dry woodland, scrub, and mangroves (AOU 1998).
Source(s)
of Research/monitoring Needs (Number in ( ) is Physiographic Area number):
Osage Plains Bird Conservation Plan (33); Mid Atlantic Piedmont
Bird Conservation Plan(10); Upper Great Lakes Plain Bird Conservation Plan
(16); Ohio Hills Bird Conservation Plan (22); Canadian Action Plans (Dunn
2002); BNA No. 408 (Petit 1999); PIF Monitoring Needs document (Partners
in Flight Science Committee 2004)
PIF
Continental Plan Monitoring Needs Category: ** (Long-term population
trend monitoring considered adequate, but some issues (e.g., bias) may not
be accounted for)
RESEARCH/MONITORING NEEDS (source(s) of needs)
Monitoring
- Priority
monitoring action – NOTE: Breeding
Bird Survey (BBS) provides acceptable data at the continental level (PIF
Monitoring Needs doc)
- Second
priority monitoring action – Improve the BBS (PIF Monitoring Needs
doc)
- Supplemental
PROW Surveys
- More intensive survey work to better understand population trends
& patterns in abundance (Osage Plain) ; Establish a targeted
population monitoring program for riparian birds (Ohio Hills);
Continue to monitor status of PROW in Canada (no major conservation
concern) (Canadian Action Plan)
- Determine
factors contributing to forest and riparian bird population stability,
including associations between landscape factors and indices of
reproductive success and the effectiveness of the CWCA model in
sustaining populations of high priority species including PROW (Upper
Great Lakes Plain); Identify cost-effective methods for identifying
bird population sources in forested habitats (Upper Great Lakes Plain)
- Identify/inventory
suitable PROW habitat - Identify large tracts of forest habitats in this region as a
basis for conservation planning (Upper Great Lakes Plain); Inventory
remaining bottomland forest sites to identify current breeding sites
(Ohio Hills); Identify large forest blocks & landscapes w/ high %
forest cover (Mid Atlantic Piedmont)
Habitat
Needs/Ecology/Life History
- Better
information on PROW habitat needs - Better quantify bird-habitat relationships & factors
affecting reproductive success at multiple spatial scales (Osage
Plains); Refine knowledge of PROW habitat requirements (MidAtl Pied -
RD)
- Factors
affecting breeding populations/productivity - Information is needed about habitat
associations, densities, and reproductive success in oak hickory
forests; identify habitat factors limiting reproductive success, such
as thresholds of forest size, landscape context, and forest plant
community characteristics (Upper Great Lakes Plain); Impacts of
habitat degradation on breeding populations based on natural cavity
nests in habitats of different quality (BNA); How nest-site
limitation, habitat specificity, & long distance migration
influence lifetime reproductive success (BNA)
- More
information on immature stage (dispersal from natal site and breeding
ecology in 1st yr (BNA)
Effects
of Management Practices
- Effects
of mangrove destruction or degradation on overwinter survival (BNA)
- More
information on breeding biology and species-specific responses to
management of forest-nesting species within this region (Upper Great
Lakes Plain)
Landscape
- see
needs under "Habitat Needs/Ecology" and "Monitoring”
Migration
- Habitat
use by PROW during migration (BNA)
Wintering
- see
needs under “Effects of Management Practices”
Demographics
- Studies
of PROW demographics (Mid Atlantic Piedmont)
- see
needs under "Habitat Needs/Ecology"
[Link
to References]
[Link
to PIF Bird Conservation Plans]
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