Kentucky Warbler
Common
Name:
Kentucky
Warbler (KEWA)
Scientific
Name:
Oporornis
formosus
Global/Continental
Conservation Status: Not on IUCN 2004 Red List
National-level
Conservation Status:
U.S.
– Bird of Conservation Concern
Key
Reference(s):
BNA No. 324 (McDonald 1998)
Distribution:
Breeds from e Nebraska, c and ne Iowa, s Wisconsin, n Illinois, n
Indiana, extreme s Michigan; n Ohio, Pennsylvania, n New Jersey, s-c
(formerly) and se New York, and (presumably) extreme sw Connecticut south
to s-c and e Texas (west to Kerville), the Gulf coast (east to Suwanee
County in Florida), c Georgia, and South Carolina, and west to e Kansas
and c Oklahoma. One breeding
record for s
Minnesota
. Winters from
Nayarit
,
Oaxaca
, s
Veracruz
, and the
Yucatan
Peninsula
south through Middle America (primarily the Caribbean slope, rare and
local on the Pacific slope north of c
Costa Rica
) to
Panama
, and rarely to n
Colombia
and n
Venezuela
. Casual in coastal
California
, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the
Netherlands Antilles
(AOU 1998).
Habitat
Associations:
Humid deciduous forest with dense undergrowth, dense second growth,
shady ravines, and swamp edges; in migration, a variety of wooded
habitats; in winter, primarily broadleaf forest with dense undergrowth (AOU
1998).
Source(s)
of Research/monitoring Needs (Number in ( ) is Physiographic Area number):
Ohio Hills Bird Conservation Plan (22); Mid Atlantic Coastal Plain
Bird Conservation Plan (44); Mid Atlantic Piedmont Bird Conservation Plan
(10-RD); Lower Great Lakes Plain Bird Conservation Plan (15); Northern
Ridge & Valley Bird Conservation Plan (17); Mid Atlantic Ridge &
Valley Bird Conservation Plan (12); Upper Great Lakes Plain Bird
Conservation Plan (16); Allegheny Plateau Bird Conservation Plan (24); BNA
No. 324 (McDonald 1998); PIF Monitoring Needs document (Partners in Flight
Science Committee 2004)
PIF
Continental Plan Monitoring Needs Category: ** (Long-term population
trend monitoring considered adequate, but some issues (e.g., bias) may not
be accounted for)
RESEARCH/MONITORING NEEDS (source(s) of needs)
Monitoring
- Priority
monitoring action – NOTE: Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) provides
acceptable data at the continental level (PIF Monitoring Needs doc)
- Improve
KEWA Surveys
- Develop better methods for monitoring species that use patchily
distributed components of the forest, such as treefall gaps, including
KEWA (Ohio Hills); Evaluate validity of using counts of singing birds
to estimate populations, and correlation between counts of singing
males and productivity (BNA); Continue annual surveys of suitable
habitat & known populations most efficient way to monitor KEWA
(BNA); Identify cost-effective methods for identifying bird population
sources in forested habitats (Upper Great Lakes Plain)
- Population
ecology studies of KEWA (Lower Great Lakes Plain; Northern Ridge &
Valley)
- Determine
KEWA Population Limiting Factors - Determine factors contributing to forest and
riparian bird population stability, including associations between
landscape factors and indices of reproductive success and the
effectiveness of the CWCA model in sustaining populations of high
priority species including KEWA (Upper Great Lakes Plain); Determine
factors limiting populations & causing declines (Allegheny
Plateau)
- Identify
large tracts of forest habitats in this region as a basis for
conservation planning (Upper Great Lakes Plain)
- Determine
minimum viable population size (BNA)
- See
needs under “Landscape”
Habitat
Needs/Ecology/Life History
- Refine
knowledge of habitat needs - Refine what is known about requirements for species within the
upland mixed forest including KEWA (Mid Atlantic Coastal Plain);
Refine knowledge of KEWA habitat requirements (Mid Atlantic Piedmont;
Mid Atlantic Ridge & Valley); Quantification of specific habitat
requirements (especially nest sites) as related to breeding success
(BNA)
- Determine
relative importance & use of other habitat types during
post-fledging period (Allegheny Plateau; Ohio Hills)
- See
needs under “Wintering”
Effects
of Management Practices
- Effects
of Silvicultural Practices - Role of stand age and stand structure on
habitat quality and survival/reproductive success for priority species
including KEWA (Ohio Hills; Mid Atlantic Ridge & Valley; Allegheny
Plateau); Effects of various logging practices on occurrence, breeding
density, & nesting success of KEWA (Lower Great Lakes Plain;
Northern Ridge & Valley; Allegheny Plateau; Ohio Hills)
Landscape
- Effects
of forest fragmentation - Monitor reproductive success at different locations to
understand whether fragmentation causes problem (Lower Great Lakes
Plain; Northern Ridge & Valley; Allegheny Plateau; Ohio Hills);
Assessments of minimum area requirements and effects of forest
fragmentation on KEWA (BNA)
- Identify
large forest blocks & landscapes w/ high % forest cover (Mid
Atlantic Piedmont)
- Better
understanding of landscape-level effects of land use practices on
forest bird populations including KEWA (Ohio Hills)
Migration
- Information
on habitat requirements for migrating KEWA (BNA)
Wintering
- Information
on wintering grounds (especially quantification of habitat
requirements and minimum area requirements (BNA)
Invasives/Exotics/Disease/Parasites/Contaminants
- Assess
sensitivity to pesticides used to control gypsy moths & other
insect pests (Lower Great Lakes Plain; Northern Ridge & Valley;
Allegheny Plateau)
Demographics
- Demographics
of forest birds, including KEWA, in Mid Atlantic Coastal Plain so that
significant source populations may be identified (Mid Atlantic Coastal
Plain)
- Studies
of KEWA demographics (Mid Atlantic Piedmont)
- see
needs under "Landscape"
[Link
to References]
[Link
to PIF Bird Conservation Plans]
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