Cerulean Warbler
Common
Name: Cerulean Warbler (CERW)
Scientific
Name:
Dendroica
cerulea
Global/Continental
Conservation Status: IUCN 2004 Red List – VU
(Vulnerable)
National-level
Conservation Status:
Canada
- Species at Risk Act (SARA) – Species of Concern;
U.S.
– Bird of Conservation Concern
Key
Reference(s):
BNA No. 511 (Hamel 2000a); USFWS Species Status Assessment (Hamel
2000b)
Distribution:
Breeds from c and se Minnesota, c Wisconsin, c Michigan, se
Ontario, New York, Connecticut, and Rhode Island south through c and ne
Iowa and Missouri to s Arkansas, e-c Mississippi, c Alabama, e North
Carolina, c Virginia, ne Maryland, n Delaware, and n New Jersey.
Also rarely or formerly in se South Dakota, n Michigan, sw Quebec,
n-c Texas (to Dallas area), n Louisiana, n Georgia, and nw South Carolina.
Winters from
Colombia
and
Venezuela
south, mostly along the eastern slope of the Andes to s
Peru
, perhaps n
Bolivia
(AOU 1998).
Habitat
Associations:
Mature deciduous forest; in migration, a variety of wooded
(broadleaf) habitats; in winter, primarily
Montane
Evergreen
Forest
(AOU 1998).
Source(s)
of Research/monitoring Needs (Number in ( ) is Physiographic Area number):
Southern New England Bird Conservation Plan (09); Northern Ridge
& Valley Bird Conservation Plan (17); Ohio Hills Bird Conservation
Plan (22); Allegheny Plateau Bird Conservation Plan (24); St. Lawrence
Plain Bird Conservation Plan (18); Upper Great Lakes Plain Bird
Conservation Plan (16); Lower Great Lakes Plain Bird Conservation Plan
(15); Mid Atlantic Coastal Plain Bird Conservation Plan (44); Mid Atlantic
Ridge & Valley Bird Conservation Plan (12); Mid Atlantic Piedmont Bird
Conservation Plan (10); Ozark-Ouachita Plateau Bird Conservation Plan
(19); South Atlantic Coastal Plain Bird Conservation Plan (03); Southern
Ridge & Valley Bird Conservation Plan (13); Southern Blue Ridge Bird
Conservation Plan (23); East Gulf Coastal Plain Bird Conservation Plan
(04); Canadian Action Plan (Dunn 2002); BNA No. 511 (Hamel 2000a); PIF
Monitoring Needs document (Partners in Flight Science Committee 2004)
PIF
Continental Plan Monitoring Needs Category: ** (Long-term population
trend monitoring considered adequate, but some issues (e.g., bias) may not
be accounted for)
RESEARCH/MONITORING NEEDS (source(s) of needs)
Monitoring
- Priority
monitoring action – NOTE: Breeding
Bird Survey (BBS) provides acceptable data at the continental level (PIF
Monitoring Needs doc)
- Second
priority monitoring action – Improve the BBS (PIF Monitoring Needs
doc)
- Better
Methods
- Develop better methods to monitor species, including CERW, that
depend upon patchily distributed components of the forest, such as
treefall gaps, small wetlands, snags (Ohio Hills; Mid Atlantic Ridge
& Valley); Identify cost-effective methods for identifying bird
population sources in forested habitats (Upper Great Lakes Plain)
- Supplemental
CERW Monitoring - Targeted monitoring to track regional population trends (
Southern New England
; Mid Atlantic Piedmont; Lower Great Lakes Plain; Northern Ridge &
Valley; Mid Atlantic Ridge & Valley); Conduct additional surveys
to follow up on CERW atlas (Allegheny Plateau); Develop protocols
& monitoring programs for priority species, including CERW,
occurring at important habitat sites, such as Important Bird Areas
(Allegheny Plateau)
- Status
at north edge of range
- Continue efforts to track population status of CERW in
Ontario
(Canadian Action Plan); Determine population status & habitat
requirements at northern edge of range (St Lawrence Plain)
- Determine
factors contributing to forest and riparian bird population stability,
including associations between landscape factors and indices of
reproductive success and the effectiveness of the CWCA model in
sustaining populations of high priority species (Upper Great Lakes
Plain)
- Identify
CERW breeding sites
- Identify concentrations of CERW, determine protection status and
specific threats on a site-by-site basis in Ohio Hills and Mid
Atlantic Ridge & Valley regions (Ohio Hills; Mid Atlantic Ridge
& Valley); Identify all current breeding sites (Southern New
England; Lower Great Lakes Plain; Northern Ridge & Valley;
Allegheny Plateau); Complete survey of CERW occurrence and habitat use
in Southern and Central Ridge & Valley (Southern Ridge &
Valley); Conduct an inventory of most important breeding sites &
develop monitoring programs for these sites (St Lawrence Plain)
- Assess/identify
CERW habitat
- Assess mature forested wetlands habitat patches to determine the
potential (> 10,000 acres) for CERW (Southern Atlantic Coastal
Plain); Identify large tracts of forest habitats in this region as a
basis for conservation planning (Upper Great Lakes Plain)
- Population
ecology studies of CERW (Lower Great Lakes Plain; Northern Ridge &
Valley)
- see
needs under "Wintering", "Landscape",
"Habitat Needs ...", and “Demography”
Habitat
Needs/Ecology/Life History
- Refinement
of knowledge on habitat requirements - Better refine what is known about
requirements for species within the upland mixed forest including CERW
(Mid Atlantic Coastal Plain); Determine range of suitable CERW
habitats (Southern New England; Lower Great Lakes Plain; North Ridge
& Valley; Allegheny Plateau); Refine existing knowledge of habitat
requirements (Mid Atlantic Piedmont; Mid Atlantic Ridge & Valley;
Ohio Hills); Develop better understanding of site conditions that
attract CERW in this area (Lower Great Lakes Plain; Northern Ridge
& Valley; Ohio Hills); Habitat features associated with
reproductive success (BNA)
- Site
fidelity in relation to age, sex, success, and habitat (BNA)
- Determine
which habitats are used & their relative importance during
post-fledging period (
Southern New England
; Lower Great Lakes Plain; Northern Ridge & Valley; Allegheny
Plateau)
- see
needs under "Monitoring"
Effects
of Management Practices
- Effects
of Silvicultural Practices - Effects of logging practices on occurrence,
breeding density, & nesting success of CERW (Southern New England;
Lower Great Lakes Plain; Northern Ridge & Valley; Allegheny
Plateau); Role of stand age and structure on habitat quality and
ultimately survival and reproductive success of priority species
including CERW (Ohio Hills; Mid Atlantic Ridge & Valley; Allegheny
Plateau); Study the recovery process of healthy populations of forest
birds, including CERW, in treated forest stands (mixed mesophytic)
(Southern Ridge & Valley); Determine if certain silvicultural
practices are compatible with conserving populations of
forest-interior, area sensitive species such as CERW (Southern Blue
Ridge); Test the assumptions that increased tract size and longer
rotations of forest habitat will increase populations of target
species including CERW (East Gulf Coastal Plain)
- Continue
research on effects of land use on CERW (Canadian Action Plan)
- CERW
responses to land management activities - Determine CERW population responses to land management
activities (BNA); More information on breeding biology and
species-specific responses to management of forest-nesting species
including CERW in this region; information needed on habitat
associations, densities, and reproductive success in oak hickory
forests; identify habitat factors limiting reproductive success, such
as thresholds of forest size, landscape context, and forest plant
community characteristics (Upper Great Lakes Plain); Determine best
management practices for enhancing populations; especially specific to
bottomland forests w/ regard to optimum vegetative structure, species
composition, standard minimum width of riparian habitat, & maximum
amount of active management (Ohio Hills)
- Develop
multiple-use strategies that are compatible with CERW habitat needs on
private lands (St Lawrence Plain)
- see
needs under "Demography" and "Landscape"
Landscape
- Effects
of landscape-level land use practices and trends
- Landscape-level effects of land-use practices on forest bird
populations, including CERW (Ohio Hills; Mid Atlantic Ridge &
Valley); Monitor long-term use & suitability of key sites in
relation to land use trends (Ohio Hills)
- CERW
responses to fragmentation - Monitor reproductive success at different locations to
understand whether fragmentation causes problems (Lower Great Lakes
Plain; Northern Ridge & Valley; Allegheny Plateau;
Southern New England
); Identify landscape characteristics of CERW occurrence,
area-sensitivity, and distribution in relation to forest fragmentation
(BNA)
- Regional
land use analyses to identify large forest blocks & landscapes w/
high % forest cover (
Southern New England
; Mid Atlantic Piedmont)
- Determine
value of river-to-upland forest corridors (Ohio Hills)
- see
needs under “Monitoring” and "Demography"
Wintering
- Ecology
& habitat needs of CERW on the wintering grounds desperately
needed (Canadian Action Plan)
- Determine
winter survivorship, habitat distribution, and relative abundance by
habitat in forests on e slope of
Andes
and elsewhere in northern South America (BNA)
Invasives/Exotics/Disease/Parasites/Contaminants
- Sensitivity
to pesticides used on gypsy moths & other insect pests (Southern
New England; Lower Great Lakes Plain; Northern Ridge & Valley;
Allegheny Plateau)
Demographics
- Demographics
of forest birds, including CERW, in Mid Atlantic Coastal Plain so
significant source populations may be identified (Mid Atlantic Coastal
Plain)
- Determine
demography or population dynamics of CERW in different parts of its
range and under different silvicultural treatments (BNA)
- Studies
of CERW demographics (Mid Atlantic Piedmont)
- see
needs under "Landscape"
[Link
to References]
[Link
to PIF Bird Conservation Plans]
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