Canada Warbler
Common
Name:
Canada
Warbler (CAWA)
Scientific
Name:
Wilsonia
canadensis
Global/Continental
Conservation Status: Not
on IUCN 2004 Red List
National-level
Conservation Status:
U.S.
– Bird of Conservation Concern
Key
Reference(s):
BNA No. 421 (Conway
1999)
Distribution:
Breeds from extreme se Yukon, ne British Columbia, n Alberta, c
Saskatchewan, c Manitoba, n Ontario, s-c Quebec (including Anticosti
Island), New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia south to c
Alberta, s Manitoba, n Minnesota, s Wisconsin, n Illinois (local), s
Michigan, n Indiana (local), and se Ohio (local), through the Appalachians
to e Kentucky, e Tennessee, nw Georgia, w North Carolina, w Virginia, w
Maryland, and e-c Pennsylvania, and to n New Jersey, se New York, and s
New England. Winters in South
America (rarely or casually in Middle America to Costa Rica) from n
Colombia and Venezuela south, mostly on the east slope of the Andes, to s
Peru and border of s Venezuela and n Brazil (Tepui region) (AOU 1998).
Habitat
Associations:
Moist woodland with dense undergrowth (especially aspen-poplar),
bogs, and tall scrub along streams; in migration and winter, a variety of
wooded habitats (AOU 1998).
Source(s)
of Research/monitoring Needs (Number in ( ) is Physiographic Area number):
Adirondack Mountains Bird Conservation Plan (26); Southern Blue
Ridge Bird Conservation Plan (23); Southern New England Bird Conservation
Plan (09); Northern Ridge & Valley Bird Conservation Plan (17); St
Lawrence Plain Bird Conservation Plan (18); Canadian Action Plans (Dunn
2002); BNA No. 421 (Conway 1999); PIF Monitoring Needs document (Partners
in Flight Science Committee 2004)
PIF
Continental Plan Monitoring Needs Category: Mo3 (species with
inadequate northern coverage)
RESEARCH/MONITORING NEEDS (source(s) of needs)
Monitoring
- Priority
monitoring action – Conduct boreal surveys (PIF Monitoring Needs
doc)
- Second
priority monitoring action – Conduct migration monitoring (PIF
Monitoring Needs doc); (similar) Expand migration
monitoring if feasible as it benefits CAWA (Canadian Action
Plan)
- Develop
better methods for monitoring species that use patchily distributed
components of the forest including CAWA (Adirondack Mts)
- Verify
population declines of forest birds, including CAWA, through
independent measures (Adirondack Mts)
- Test
the assumption that understory species are increasing while canopy
species are declining in Spruce-Fir-Northern Hardwood forests (focus -
CAWA) ( Southern Blue Ridge)
- Determine
cause of population declines in CAWA (Adirondack Mts; Northern Ridge
& Valley; Canadian Action Plan; BNA)
- Identify
important patches of conifer forest supporting priority birds
including CAWA (Northern Ridge & Valley)
- see
needs under "Wintering" and "Landscape"
Habitat
Needs/Ecology/Life History
- Define
habitat needs
- Determine specific habitat needs for CAWA (Adirondack Mts; Northern
Ridge & Valley); Determine dependence of CAWA on wetlands and
effects of wetland loss (BNA); Determine which habitats are used &
their relative importance during post-fledging period (
Southern New England
); Determine habitat & area requirements, especially in relation
to management practices for forested wetlands & current land use
trends (St Lawrence Plain)
- Improve
knowledge of CAWA basic biology (environmental & habitat factors
effecting survival, productivity, site fidelity, recruitment;
information on incubation and nestling periods, growth and
development, seasonal diets, etc.) (Canadian Action Plan; BNA)
- see
needs under "Wintering"
Effects
of Management Practices
- Effects
of Silvicultural Practices - Effects of forest management on CAWA
(Canadian Action Plan); Role of stand age and stand structure on
forest habitat quality, survival and reproductive success of species
including CAWA (Adirondack Mts); Effects of logging practices on
occurrence, breeding density, and nesting success (Southern New
England)
Landscape
- Map
& Prioritize Habitat
- GIS analysis of Forest Preserve and private lands to identify,
catalog, and prioritize forest stands to address habitat issues for
priority species like CAWA (Adirondack Mts); Regional land use
analyses to identify large forest blocks & landscapes w/ high %
forest cover (
Southern New England
)
- Determine
landscape-level effects of land-use practices on forest bird
populations including CAWA (Adirondack Mts)
- Effects
of Fragmentation - Monitor reproductive success at different locations to
understand where forest fragmentation causes problems (
Southern New England
); Information on the extent of CAWA sensitivity to forest area (BNA)
- see
needs under "Demography"
Species
Interactions
- Effects
of hemlock loss due to wooly adelgid on bird populations including
CAWA (Northern Ridge & Valley)
Nest
Parasitism
- Determine
extent & effects of brood parasitism on annual fecundity in CAWA
(BNA)
Migration
- Determine
use of forest patches, including urban greenbelts, by migrants in
spring &fall (St Lawrence Plain)
- see
needs under "Wintering"
Wintering
- Habitat
needs & ecology of CAWA on wintering grounds (Canadian Action
Plan)
- Survey
numbers & trends of populations on wintering grounds, identify
important wintering areas, & determine extent and rate of winter
habitat loss (BNA)
- Quantify
existence & function of pair bonds during migration & on
wintering grounds; extent of territoriality in winter; extent &
importance of joining mixed-species foraging flocks in winter (BNA)
Invasives/Exotics/Disease/Parasites/Contaminants
- Determine
CAWA sensitivity to pesticides used on gypsy moths & other insect
pests (
Southern New England
)
- See
needs under “Species Interactions”
Demographics
- Basic
information on CAWA Biology (estimate of adult & brood survival,
nesting success, frequency of renesting after failure, site fidelity,
recruitment) (BNA)
- See
needs under “Landscape”
[Link
to References]
[Link
to PIF Bird Conservation Plans]
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