Blue-winged Warbler
Common
Name: Blue-winged Warbler
(BWWA)
Scientific
Name:
Vermivora
pinus
Global/Continental
Conservation Status: Not on IUCN 2004 Red List
National-level
Conservation Status:
Nothing other than coverage under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act
Key
Reference(s):
BNA No. 584 (Gill et al. 2001)
Distribution:
Breeds from e Nebraska (formerly), Missouri, c Iowa, se Minnesota,
s Wisconsin, c Michigan, n Ohio, s Ontario, c New York, s Vermont, s New
Hampshire, and extreme s Maine south to ne Oklahoma (casually), n
Arkansas, c Tennessee, n Alabama, n Georgia, sw North Carolina, w and n
Virginia, Maryland, and n Delaware. Summer
records for w
South Carolina
and
Colorado
, but breeding not confirmed. Breeding
distribution has expanded dramatically to the north and northeast over the
last century. Winters from
Puebla
,
Veracruz
, and
Oaxaca
south through Middle Americfa (both slopes, including the
Yucatan
Peninsula
, but less commonly on the Pacific drainage) to c
Panama
(east to the Canal area and e
Panama
province). Many winter sight
reports from se
United States
, esp
Florida
, but few confirmed records. Casual
in Bermuda, the
Bahamas
, and the Greater Antilles, and accidental in coastal
California
,
Texas
,
North Carolina
, and
Mississippi
; December-early January reports from
Kentucky
and
New York
(AOU 1998).
Habitat
Associations:
Second-growth dominated by shrubs, from over-growth fields to
forest edge; in migration may be found in any wooded habitat; in winter,
favors second-growth (AOU 1998).
Source(s)
of Research/monitoring Needs (Number in ( ) is Physiographic Area number):
St. Lawrence Plain Bird Conservation Plan (18); Mid-Atlantic
Coastal Plain Bird Conservation Plan (44); Southern New England Bird
Conservation Plan (09); Mid-Atlantic Piedmont Bird Conservation Plan(10);
Lower Great Lakes Plain Bird Conservation Plan (15); Northern Ridge &
Valley Bird Conservation Plan (17); Mid-Atlantic Ridge & Valley Bird
Conservation Plan (12); Upper Great Lakes Plain Bird Conservation
Plan(16); Allegheny Plateau Bird Conservation Plan(24); BNA
No. 584 (Gill et al. 2001); PIF Monitoring Needs document (Partners
in Flight Science Committee 2004)
PIF
Continental Plan Monitoring Needs Category: ** (Long-term population
trend monitoring considered adequate, but some issues (e.g., bias) may not
be accounted for)
RESEARCH/MONITORING NEEDS (source(s) of needs)
Monitoring
- Priority
monitoring action – NOTE: the
Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) provides acceptable data at the continental
level (PIF Monitoring Needs doc)
- Second
priority monitoring action – Improve the BBS (PIF Monitoring Needs
doc)
- Supplemental
BWWA Surveys
- Develop supplemental monitoring programs to determine regional
population levels & trends (Mid-Atlantic Ridge & Valley);
Develop monitoring programs for priority species occurring at
Important Bird Areas (IBAs) (Allegheny Plateau)
- Conduct
inventory of existing shrub habitat to identify important sites for
BWWA (Mid-Atlantic Piedmont)
- see
needs under "Habitat Needs …"
Habitat
Needs/Ecology/Life History
- More
Information about the
Range
of
Suitable Habitats
for BWWA
- Determine range of suitable BWWA habitat & identify present
breeding sites (
Southern New England
; Mid-Atlantic Ridge & Valley; St Lawrence Plain); Better define
the bird community associated with different shrub habitats and the
factors supporting viable populations in these habitats (Upper Great
Lakes Plain)
- More
Information about BWWA Life History - Behavior of secretive females is largest gap in knowledge of BWWA
(Female discrimination behavior, dispersal behavior, & dominance
interactions) (BNA); Determine frequency of bigamy, helping at nest,
extra-pair matings & paternity patterns (BNA)
Effects
of Management Practices
- Compare
suitability of early successional habitat for BWWA (breeding densities
& nesting success) created through natural disturbance vs
forestry, mine reclamation, & power line rights-of-way
(Mid-Atlantic Ridge & Valley;
Southern New England
; Lower Great Lakes Plain; Northern Ridge & Valley; Allegheny
Plateau)
- Effects
of Silvicultural Practices - Influence of clearcut size on breeding bird
communities including BWWA (Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain); Influence of
site preparation techniques, stocking levels & rates, time to
commercial thinning, and time to final timber harvest on wildlife
values & breeding bird community, including BWWA (Mid-Atlantic
Coastal Plain); Economic/wildlife tradeoffs in open canopy management
(Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain);
- Development
of Best Management Practices for Early Successional Habitats
- Develop best management practices for utility rights-of-way
(Mid-Atlantic Piedmont); Develop specific recommendations about
burning regimes for maintaining suitable habitat for BWWA (Lower Great
Lakes Plain; Northern Ridge & Valley; Allegheny Plateau);
Determine habitat-management options that will discourage BWWA
and favor Golden-winged Warbler in areas of current overlap (St
Lawrence Plain)
- Determine
management practices that will sustain shrub communities within a
landscape matrix (Upper Great Lakes Plain)
Landscape
- Determine
relationship between patch size & BWWA nesting success (
Southern New England
)
Species
Interactions
- BWWA
Interactions with Golden-winged Warblers - Study of interaction of Golden-winged Warbler and BWWA in areas
of current overlap (St. Lawrence Plain); Effects of BWWA on
recruitment, habitat selection, & nesting success of Golden-winged
Warblers (Southern New England); Impact of invading BWWA on local
populations of GWWA still to be answered (what factors are responsible
for hybridization and replacement?) (BNA)
- Effects
of woodcock habitat management on BWWA breeding density & nesting
success (
Southern New England
; Lower Great Lakes Plains; Northern Ridge & Valley; Allegheny
Plateau; St Lawrence Plain)
Predation
- More
information on predation patterns in BWWA (Upper Great Lakes Plain)
Nest
Parasitism
- Effects
of cowbird parasitism on BWWA - More information on cowbird parasitism patterns in BWWA (Upper
Great Lakes Plain); Effects of cowbird parasitism on reproductive
success (
Southern New England
)
Migration
- More
information about the value of shrublands for migrating passerines
including BWWA (Upper Great Lakes Plain)
Wintering
- Studies
of BWWA behavioral ecology on wintering grounds (especially foraging
ecology) (BNA)
Genetics/Taxonomy/Systematics
- Analysis
of nuclear markers in replicate hybridizing populations is essential
(BNA)
- See
needs under “Species Interactions”
[Link
to References]
[Link
to PIF Bird Conservation Plans]
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